The World Of Perception Is A Book That Relates How...

The World of Perception is a book that relates how individuals distinguish the world in association to the self, others, and society. Written by Merleau Ponty, the World of Perception contradicts the classic understandings of society and engages the various abstractions of the world. Perception shows how people observe the world and what is within it. Perception is how one may sense one thing in the world, while another person may sense something else. Perception is an important concept because it is the basis of how humans view themselves and the world around them. For self-understanding, human understanding, and the understanding of society, perception plays a key role in how one understands the world. In the film Wild, originally a†¦show more content†¦Natural Science is the difference between seeing and understanding something and sensing it. When considering the difference, it can be an example of if a person goes into a bakery and they simply notice the things around t hem, are they in the world, but if he/she goes into the bakery and interprets the smells of dough, the sweet smell of the desserts, or the taste of one sip of coffee and relate it back to when his or her mother made their favorite dessert or when his/her grandfather gave them their first sip of coffee at church; that is the difference. Being in the world and being a part of it are two very different things and both rely on one’s perception and understanding of the world around them. Natural Science plays a role in Wild as well in the scene where Cheryl is camping for the first night and while for most of the day she remained in her thoughts and reflected on why she was hiking, she began to sense the world around her when the sun went down. She started to hear the flutter of cricket songs, the echoing howl of coyotes, and felt the crisp air of the darkened desert she had not understood before. She said to herself repeatedly in this scene, â€Å"I’m not scared† as if to fool herself to sense another reality. If one does not sense the world she is in, she is not in reality. In many ways, Cheryl’s senses begin to surround her understanding of the hike and enlightens her perception of herself. Since the worldShow MoreRelatedPsy230 Final1203 Words   |  5 PagesLVRC, CPM In 1979 Douglas Adams wrote in his book, The Hitchhikers’ Guide to the Universe, â€Å"The answer to life, the universe and everything, is 42† (Adams 1979). Of course we all know that the answers do not come quite so easily. Really, forget the answer; the question is what the meaning of life is. Man has asked this question for millennia, and we still search for it today. We have learned a lot in the last nine weeks about personality and how it develops within a person. We have analyzed thoseRead MoreA Critical Study Of World Religions By Craig Martin886 Words   |  4 PagesIn his book, A Critical Introduction to the Study of World Religions, Craig Martin aims to introduce undergraduate students to a socio-functional approach in exposing the methods in which religion disrupts class equality. He succeeds by using intelligible explanations, arguments, and examples to skeptically understand how man is shaped by religion. Martin uses a functionalistic approach to understand the role religion plays in society, exploring each object with hermeneutical suspicion, believingRead MoreEpistemology And The Pursuit Of Knowledge Essay1356 Words   |  6 Pagesuseful and beneficial terms, theories, and notions. More specifically, this can be accomplished by examining the social character of knowledge and how an individual s reality is shaped via testimony. Testimony, a declaration or proposition which an individual claims to be true and fact, is key to social epistemology. With certainty, some individuals claims, beliefs, and opinions are converging, whereas others are diverging. There are differences between subjective reality, influenced by theRead MoreThe Presentation of Self in Everyday Life by Erving Goffman1040 Words   |  5 PagesSpoiled Identity to illustrate the lives of stigmatized individuals—those who are unable to conform to standards that society calls â€Å"normal†. Stigma (1963) was published after two of Goffman’s other works, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life and Asylums. In The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959), Goffman uses face-to-face interactions as his subject of his study. Goffman finds that individuals attempt to give others a certain perception of their self by changing his or her appearance orRead MoreWanderlust and Travel Nt788 Words   |  4 PagesJourneys can include those that are physical, mental or inner and are often accompanied by challenges that can change the individual mostly for the better. Journeys are taken for many reasons, some are taken from choice and others are compulsory. A journey can be lone or be accompanied. The outcomes of journeys may shape the individual as a person. I was not aware of the depth or many aspects of concept of journey till our study of it. After our study I have developed a appreciation not onlyRead MoreAn Essay About Natural Attitude and Preconceptions 1388 Words   |  6 Pagesknowledge we take for granted in our day to day lives. The basic knowledge that the life world exists around you and how it functions on a daily basis. In the domain of natural attitude, we do not raise scientific questions or question the existence of something; we just consider them as facts. Consider switching on a fan. Here, every time you switch on a fan, you don’t investigate the functioning of the fan or look into how the fan starts spinning when you put on a switch. You just know that pressing theRead MoreThe Hidden Dimension By Edward T. Hall1486 Words   |  6 PagesHidden Dimension by Edward T. Hall (originally published in 1969 by Anchor Books) examines cultural perceptions of space and outlines the important roles space has relatin g to urban city design, human interaction, cross-culture relationships, and architecture. The uses of space across cultural groups is examined in depth by Hall and an explanation of the application of spatial organisations in different parts of the world is attributed to upbringings and intergenerational conventions relating toRead MoreDepression And Depression In Wurtzel1093 Words   |  5 Pagesa young age had affected her whole life and has made it difficult to act normal. Wurtzel expresses her sadness and copes in destructive ways such as cutting and doing drugs. The book goes on a journey of her life and the issues she goes through, meeting people, and managing with additional problems. Providing perceptions to make sense with depression as a serious struggle that needs comprehension with today’s society. The novel’s main conflict is battling with depression and the urges of handlingRead MoreThe Beliefs Of Misconceptions And Gender, Race, And Sexuality1472 Words   |  6 Pagesone another, as well as how African Americans are perceived and treated by others† (p.7). These ideas encapsulate a false understanding of the issues surrounding the persecutions the black community undergoes frequent. The notion of Black sexual politics addresses many connotations influencing behaviors as well as analyzing the reasons as to what affects explain the Black injustice created within our social structure. Furthermore, Collin does express how these perceptions created from gender, raceRead MoreUnderstanding A Literary Work Of The Book Meaning 1645 Words   |  7 Pagesnot represent the majority’s perception, it’s still beneficial to explain how this paper chooses to use knowledge. In this case, not only does knowledge represent facts, it simply describes what a person kn ows or understands about a piece of information. For literature, this includes everything on and in the book, especially any meanings or messages that a reader derives. This aspect that the reader finds any meaning holds the most interest for this discussion. It relates to the questions that arise

Human Development And The Lifespan Theory - 1246 Words

While growing up my family impacted my behavior and human develop based on the major domains of the Human Development and the Lifespan Theory. The major domains of the human developments are Physical/Biological System, Cognitive System, Emotional System, and Social Systems. Each domain s focus on things which shapes an individual life. Physical/biological system domain focuses on the genetical foundation of a person. For example, the changes in body weight or appearance; however, this could affect an individual s other three domains. The cognitive domain focuses on the change in an individual s life which could be a negative or positive impact. The emotional domain focuses on how an individual feel or how they act or respond. The†¦show more content†¦Puberty starts within this period of life forming one into adults. After forming into an adult 18 and older one moves into the next period of life which is early adulthood. Early adulthood individuals began starting one’s personal life. Considering in leaving home such as getting his or her own place or leaving off to college or even starting a career path. Early adulthood ranges from 18 until 40 years of age. Between the ages of 40 to 65 individuals would be in the altitude of his or her ca reer, preparing their childhood for independent lives. Also preparing themselves to move into late adulthood. Late adulthood individuals start decrease physically, altering into retirement decision. Looking back on life until individual life has come to an end. While growing up I can see I have experienced life based on the lifespan theory and major domains of the Human Development. I grew up in a wealthier household than others did in my town. I have a large support system including my parents’ grandparents, and people within my environment. I would consider my family as a two-parent family even though my parents separated when I was at the age of four. However, I could not tell the differences until I became older to begin understanding how parent’s co-parenting. My parents usually did not include other family members such as grandparents or extended family when raising me. Only time another family member would lookShow MoreRelatedThe Psychoanalytic Theory Of Human Development Research1074 Words   |  5 Pagesthroughout the lifespan. Initially being constrained to infants and children, it has now been extended to include a wider range of a person’s lifespan (Berk, 2014, p. 3). This field studies topics like the th eoretical perspective theories that are used in human development research. The Psychoanalytic perspective theory focuses on the emotional and social development, Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental theory accents the changes in thinking, while the Behaviorism and Social Learning and the Lifespan perspectiveRead MoreLifespan Development : Cognitive, And Personal And Social Development1717 Words   |  7 PagesLifespan Psychology Introduction Lifespan Development is the field of study that examines patterns, modes of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan of an individual. There are so many things to keep in mind about Lifespan Psychology; 1. Lifespan Psychology is a scientific, developmental approach that focuses on human development. 2. Scientists who study the lifespan know that neither heredity nor environment alone can account for the full range of humanRead MoreLife Span Human Development Paper748 Words   |  3 Pagesimportant aspects of human development. Our perspective on life and understanding the changes that occur during the different stages of the human life is the key to understanding why we tick and operate the way we do. Lifespan perspective is a key to understanding this and is something a person must do basically lifelong. Life development is basically ones understanding of the physical, mental, and social changes a person undergoes during the period of their life. The lifespan perspective is alsoRead MorePsychological Factors That Influence Human Behavior1079 Words   |  5 PagesPsychology for Health and Social Care. Submission date: 04/11/2015 Psychological Factors That Influence Human Behaviour Throughout The Life course. Introduction; According to Crawford and Walker(2010), the life course is defined in literature as, â€Å"The progression and path an individual takes from conception to death.† (Crawford and walker, 2012, p.3). The study of the life course and human development is extremely complex and could be described as interdisciplinary as it encompasses many fields of studyRead MorePsychoanalytic Theories Explain Development As Unconscious Processes That Are Heavily Colored By Emotion846 Words   |  4 Pages Psychoanalytic theories explain development as unconscious processes that are heavily colored by emotion (Santrock 2014). Sigmund Freud was a psychoanalytic theorist who established a psychosexual theory believing that development occurred during life stage conflicts between a source of pleasure and the demands of reality. Many theorists after Freud believed that there was a good basis in Freud’s theory but it relied too much on the idea of sexual instincts. One such theorist was Erik EriksonRead More The Course of Human Evolution Essay1675 Words   |  7 PagesHuman life histories are understood to consist of different levels of factors that contribute to the variation and evolution of human health, and this can be analyzed by categorizing the various lifetime events on a fast-slow continuum (Promislow Harvey, 1990 as cited in Kaplan, Lancaster, Robson, 2003). Mammals, for example, are located on the fast end of the continuum and are known to reproduce early, have a sh orter period of pregnancy, grow into smaller body sizes, and produce a great amountRead MoreLifespan Development1516 Words   |  7 PagesLifespan Development and Personality Luis Cervantes PSY/103 January 11, 2016 Susanne Nishino Lifespan Development and Personality Developmental psychology is the study of how human beings age and transform throughout the eight major stages of life. This paper will focus on the physical, cognitive, social, moral, and personality development of individuals found in stage two, (early childhood 1-6 year olds). Through exploring, and examining the countless influences that affect their growthRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory And Theory908 Words   |  4 PagesBoth Erik Erikson’s theory and Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby theory support the idea that early life experiences impact the person across their lifespan. Erikson’s developmental theory discusses the eight stages of life and the forces and values that arise at each stage, which should be developed within this frame. The attachment theory focuses on the interaction an individual has and the impact it may have on their psychological and social development. Both theories believe that personality beginsRead MoreLifespan Perspectives1061 Words   |  5 PagesLifespan perspectives ***** ******** Psy/375 June 25, 2012 ***** ******* Lifespan perspectives Although humans seem very different from one another, each human develops partly like everyone else, yet partly like no one else. Most of the time human’s attention is focused on one another’s unique qualities instead of realizing how similar humans really are. In fact, as humans, almost everyone has traveled some similar path. People such as, President Barack Obama, Joan of Arc, and MarilynRead MoreErikson s Psychosocial Theory And Psychosocial Development1561 Words   |  7 PagesTheories and Theorists Theories are the building blocks of psychology. Theories whether old or new has allowed us to know what we know now. There are many theories in the field of psychology or educational psychology that are important to further understand human behavior. However, this paper will focus on only two theories which are; Erikson’s psychosocial theory and Alfred Adler’s Adlerian theory. Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development has always been a great contribution to the field of psychology

Black Lives Matter

Question: Discuss about theBlack Lives Matter. Answer: Introduction Black lives matter is one of the major civil rights movement in the United States at the moment. The campaign started to raise the consciousness of injustice that was being inflicted upon African Americans by the authorities. The movement was founded by Patrisse Cullors, Alicia Garza, and Opal Tometi who started the movement as a hashtag in the social media (Anon, 2017). It later gains much followership that it became a real civil movement. The movement gained national recognition after it moved from social media to the streets in the protest of two young black men who were shot by the police without any proper and legal reason (Eichelberge, Doll, Ekpo, and Zerden, 2016). This social-political movement aims at empowering African Americans that they are entailed to safety regardless of their skin color. Identifying the Problems/Issues the Campaign Aims to Address The black lives matter movement was as a result of a white policeman who killed an unarmed teenage in Missouri. This was an open manifestation of how the black community has been discriminated on the basis of being criminals and that they endanger lives of any person epically the white. The plan aims to address the issue of broken window policing which was formulated by the security authorities (Filho, Beltrn-Snchez, and Kawachi, 2014). These policies suggest that minor crimes should be dealt with firmly in the attempt to put a halt to major crimes. This implies that issue of minor violence such as street fighting, using of hard illegal drugs and breaking of minor laws such as traffic will attract extremely strict rules in the court of law. This policy evidently aims at those low-income earners who are majorly the black community. The movement aims at achieving the use of community oversight rather than police deciding the consequences that unethical police officers face (Garca, and Sharif, 2015). It is believed that will help justice be realized for the misconduct of the police officers. Black lives matter movement calls for more training of the police officers so as to enable them not be racial biased. The movement aims to achieve the status of independently investigating and prosecuting misconduct of police officers (Bradford, 2016). The movement believes that they are not biased and that there will be no window of the accused police to bribe of be favored by the disciplinary committee of the police. Defining the Campaign Goals/Objectives It is important to understand that this campaign dubbed as black lives matter has gained an international outlook where all people of color especially the black in the United States or Europe have embraced. One of the goals of this movement is to ensure that the black liberation is realized (Goldberg, 2015). At present, institutionalized racism has taken over the direct racism that was there before. This group wants to achieve the goals at equipping all black people of the institutionalized racism that exist. Black lives matter group focuses on those who are marginalized within the black liberation movement so as to avoid the state-sanctioned discrimination against the black people. This will largely prevent the wrongful incarnation of many black men and women. It is evident that this movement mission is to forceful remove racial biases from the police authorities (Nelson, 2016). Changing the way people see things and behave require a significant amount of time. It is for this reason , the movement has a mission of educating the black community especially the young men on how to behave around the police. The most important educative ideas that the black lives matter movement has been able to instill to black people, is to educate them on the right way to behave (Williams, 2017). This means that the group ensures that to avoid the black community gaining the eye of the police officers, they should ensure that they engage with income generating activities that are not in conflict with the law. How did the Campaign Establish Credibility as an Activist? Activists are the ones who reaped big from the cause of action of black lives matter movement. It is very pleasing for an individual activist to realize that something which started as a mere hashtag has attracted international attention. The credibility of an activist will be able to be established because of the massive support that such a movement receives. This is because this campaign is focusing on the issues that affect many of the black people and that a lot of the issue has been spearhead by someone so as to publicize it in the view of achieving a solution. For an activist who has taken the responsibility to save the black community from police brutality and discrimination and gets a huge support, the credibility of such an activist can be deemed as that which is beyond reproach. Developing the Strategy One of the strategies of black lives matter is based on communication. This means that communication is one way that helps this movement to advance in its ideas. This is because every action of the movement needs to be manifested for the public to see. This will keep the movement alive as people will realize that their problems are being handled and that they should continue participating in any call of action. Another strategy is to ensure that people who are directly affected by police brutality are mobilized, and they present their personal account of the problem so as to depict an inclusive movement which clearly understands the problem that they are trying to address (Sowell, T. 2016). Besides, the critical conversation by the people who are mobilized will in turn be taken to the highest political office such as the white house for a better solution. However, some of the strategies that can be applied to this campaigned can fail. It is imperative that a fail fast learn fast approach to be used. This is because each state and city has a unique problem which cannot be solved by the same solutions. This means that each strategy that is applied should be tailored to depict the type of every type of people who may have a different type of police brutality. The issue of discrimination black people by the police will remain a thorny issue. It is until a stronger political strategy to be used to as to avoid having institutionalized racism to be scrapped off. Consider the strategy maps below; References Eichelberger, K.Y., Doll, K., Ekpo, G.E. Zerden, M.L. 2016, "Black Lives Matter: Claiming a Space for Evidence-Based Outrage in Obstetrics and Gynecology", American Journal of Public Health, vol. 106, no. 10, pp. 1771-1772. Filho, A.D.P.C., Beltrn-Snchez, H. Kawachi, I. 2014, "Racial Disparities in Life Expectancy in Brazil: Challenges From a Multiracial Society",American Journal of Public Health,vol. 104, no. 11, pp. 2156-62. Garca, J.J. Sharif, M.Z. 2015, "Black Lives Matter: A Commentary on Racism and Public Health",American Journal of Public Health,vol. 105, no. 8, pp. E27-E30. Goldberg, J. 2015,A Matter of Black Lives, Atlantic Media, vol. 316, no. 2I, pp. 70-76,78-80. Nelson, A. 2016, "The Longue Dure of Black Lives Matter",American Journal of Public Health,vol. 106, no. 10, pp. 1734-1737. Sowell, T. 2016, "It's not the black lives that matter nearly as much as the black votes",The Enterprise,vol. 45, no. 50, pp. 12.

Leader Approach A Person Or Organization †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Leader Approach A Person Or Organization? Answer: Introducation Leadership refers to the approach of a person or organization to lead or guide the other people. The process involves characteristics traits under which are capable to analyze a clear vision and work in accordance with that to gain success in the market. further, it can be said that a true leader is a person who knows the path which they wants to follow; take corrective action plan to follow that goal and then subsequently lead their subordinates as well in that path of success. According to John C. Max leadership process involves three attributes i.e. knowing, going and showing. The essay will provide an overview of the three major aspects of leadership (knowing, going, and showing) in terms of organizational, social and personal learning. The organization learning theory with respect to leadership provides a link between the two aspects of organization which are transformational leadership and organization innovation. The theory is leads to innovation in an organization with the aid of transformational leadership (Jones, Jones, 2010). It is the duty of a leader to exert activities in an efficient manner to fulfill the objective of the organization. Further the theory states the relationship between organizational learning and transformational leadership. Such leaders are those who provide extraordinary influence to people which make them to positively transform their outlook towards different scenarios. A leader always focuses on implementation of process which initiates innovation and lead them to stand out of the box. Thus, it can be said that a leader always lays positive impact on the innovation process of the organization. However as per my perspective a person cannot take other people with them on a road which is unknown to them. Firstly the leader needs to know where they are willing to take their subordinates with them. A leader shall have adequate knowledge of the path which they are going to lead. Without knowing the fact where the person wants to go, the process reaching to the destination can never become possible (Argote, Miron-Spektor, 2011). Thus, to sum up with the above statements it shall be concluded that in order to reach the goal a leader shall have adequate knowledge of the path which they are going to follow. In an organizational structure the employees will retrospect the path which the leader is asking them to follow. In that case the leader must be capable enough to solves the queries of the employees and initiate them to follow the path decided by the leader. In accordance to the societal norms a leader shall always look after the growth and profit of the society on a whole, they shall not work for their personal gains. Thus, to shall be noted that the qualities of a leader are gradually initiated in an individual with time; such characteristics help them in making an identified position in the market (Argote, 2012). For instance, in an organization, the manager designated on the position of a leader researches on a new marketing plan which can initiate growth of the company but for that the employees of the company have to sacrifice their shares allotted them. The employees can willingly surrender their shares but for that they need to have unanimous trust on the activities of their leader. In this case they will also question the leader about future activities and negative outcomes as well, the leader need to gain the trust of their employees then only they will agree to follow the leader and the leader will be called a leader because a leader who is unable to convince their employees for their decision is not a good leader (Easterby-Smith, Lyles, 2011). Further moving towards another aspect of leadership which a leader shall attain is that the leader shall follow himself the path first which they want their team to follow. This step is mandatory for a leader to follow because if the leader will not follow the path which they want their team to lead then they wont be able to solve the issues faced by the team. It would become easier for the leader if they would have themselves followed the path, faced challenges and resolved them on their own. Also the team would not completely support their leader if theyll see that the leader is only instructing the team not involving in the activities (Garca-Morales, Jimnez-Barrionuevo, Gutirrez-Gutirrez, 2012). Thus, it shall be the duty of the leader to equally support the team and work with them in the same environment in which the team does. According to the theories of organizational learning, the leader shall never take undue advantage of their designation by making the team to suffer and t hemselves resting in suitable environment. Instead a leader should be one would finds the ways, and follows the way, look for deviations and overcome them. Then only they will become qualified to be regarded as a leader. Further talking an example of the following aspect it shall be noted that a leader in society, is the one who leads people for the betterment of the whole community (Kurland, Peretz, Hertz-Lazarowitz, 2010). And if the leader is not themselves following the path but making their team to follow the instructions provided by them so that the leader shall attain benefits. In that case, a person outsourcing their work to their team and gaining personal benefits out of it cannot be regarded as a leader. Also this step in the process of leadership is the most undervalued step. It is generally assumed that in the process of going to the way, it is the duty of a leader to tell its subordinates where to reach and by what way (Noruzy, et. al., 2013). However, this will show that they are not willing to do the work which they are asking others to implement. The best personality trait of a true is that they shall firstly implement the activities on them and then the team to follow their path. Th e learning suggests that if a leader will assume the team to be their subordinates and they will work according to the instructions of the leader, then it is their misconception; a leader shall treat every person equally and will take care of the expectations of the team members from them (Burgoyne, 2012). The third and final stage of leadership is the process of showing the path of success to the team mates. In order to attain organizational achievements, a leader shall firstly have optimum knowledge about the goal and the capabilities of the team, then the leader shall themselves identify the path leading to success and follow the, and lastly a leader shall make sure that their team mates also satisfactorily follow the path and gain individual benefits as well. Assuming myself in the place of an organizational leader, before instructing my team mates to follow the path, I would evaluate the challenges which one can face. This will help me to provide quick solution the mates in case if they get stuck in any situation. Along with showing the way, the leader shall also manage to keep the interest of every team member lied in the activities of the business only, further the leader shall also not force the members to work who are not willing to perform instead they shall motivate them to focus on their work (Schein, 2010). The quote given by John C. Maxwell adequately suggests that the quality traits that a leader shall have in order to lead the way of success (Northouse, 2015). Furthermore a leader is required in all aspects of life i.e. in an organization, or in a society or inn real life situations. A leader should be creative enough to find their way to success. Also they shall consider fulfilling personal benefits of the team by achieving the organizational objective (Selznick, 2011). With respect to organizational learning, there are few rules which shall be followed by leader for the success of the team, a leader shall never strategically use their team for personal gains, they shall not hide the truth from their team and also they shall not defraud their team members by leading them to a corrupt path. Along with the role of leader such factors shall also be kept in mind by a good leader (Raelin, 2011). According to my views a leader is a person will lead the team to achieve success irrespective of the circumstances, it is not mandatory for them to be an organizational leader or social or political leader. A leader is person whom the crowd trusts and believes that the path which they will provide is authentic and will give positive results. Thus, in the limelight of above statements it shall be noted that a good leader is a person who knows the way, goes the way and shows the way. A leader is a person from the crowd only who is capable enough to motivate the team to follow their path and gain success. Also, different organizational learning has been formed to assist the activities of a good leader. References Argote, L. (2012). Organizational learning: Creating, retaining and transferring knowledge. Springer Science Business Media. Argote, L., Miron-Spektor, E. (2011). Organizational learning: From experience to knowledge. Organization science, 22(5), 1123-1137. Burgoyne, J. (2012). Management learning. In Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning (pp. 2090-2092). Springer US. Easterby-Smith, M., Lyles, M. A. (Eds.). (2011). Handbook of organizational learning and knowledge management. John Wiley Sons. Garca-Morales, V. J., Jimnez-Barrionuevo, M. M., Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L. (2012). Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation. Journal of business research, 65(7), 1040-1050. Jones, G. R., Jones, G. R. (2010). Organizational theory, design, and change. Kurland, H., Peretz, H., Hertz-Lazarowitz, R. (2010). Leadership style and organizational learning: The mediate effect of school vision. Journal of Educational Administration, 48(1), 7-30. Northouse, P. G. (2015). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Noruzy, A., Dalfard, V. M., Azhdari, B., Nazari-Shirkouhi, S., Rezazadeh, A. (2013). Relations between transformational leadership, organizational learning, knowledge management, organizational innovation, and organizational performance: an empirical investigation of manufacturing firms. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1-13. Raelin, J. (2011). From leadership-as-practice to leaderful practice. Leadership, 7(2), 195-211. Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership (Vol. 2). John Wiley Sons. Selznick, P. (2011). Leadership in administration: A sociological interpretation. Quid Pro Books.